Orthopedics: Conditions

Plantar fasciitis is characterized by stiffness and inflammation of the main fascia (fibrous connective [ligament-like] tissue) on the bottom of the foot. It is occasionally associated with a bone spur on the heel. Occasionally there may be a partial or complete tear of the fascia of the bottom of the foot. Bone spurs themselves usually do not cause symptoms.

• Pain and tenderness in the sole of the foot, mostly under the heel bone, with standing or walking
• Particularly noticeable pain with the first steps when getting out of bed in the morning or after sitting

• Stress or injury to the heel tissues, which causes inflammation and calcification of the fascia of the foot
• Irritation of a small nerve that runs under the foot where the main fascia attaches to the heel bone
• Tight calf muscles or flat feet
• Shoes that are poorly fitted, have inadequate arch supports, have with soles that are too stiff, or have rigid arch supports (orthotics)
• Activities that require sudden turns or stops

• Sports, including running or jogging, and sudden stops or changes in direction
• Prolonged standing
• Poor physical conditioning (strength and flexibility)
• Inadequate warm-up before practice or play
• Obesity
• Flat feet

• Appropriately warm up and stretch before practice or competition.
• Maintain appropriate conditioning:
  • Calf, ankle, and foot flexibility
  • Strength and endurance
  • Cardiovascular fitness
• Maintain ideal body weight
• Avoid activities that put a constant strain on the foot
• Wear appropriate shoes with a rubber or felt heel cushion and good arches or cushioned arch supports

• Frequent recurrence of symptoms, resulting in a chronic problem; appropriately addressing the problem the first time decreases frequency of recurrence
• Lower back or knee disorders caused by constant limping
• Pain or weakness of the foot during push-off following surgery
• Chronic inflammation, scarring, and partial or complete fascia tear, occurring more often from repeated injections